Bee farming knowledge and technology

One, bee species knowledge

• Chinese bee: Chinese bee full name Chinese bee, not only China's unique excellent bee species, but also China's breeding history of the longest bee species, the advantage is to China's natural environment has a strong ability to adapt, the disadvantage is that the honey performance is not satisfactory bees and easy to fly naturally and abandon the nest.
•  Italian bees: Italian bees full name is Italian bees, not only honey pulp and production of ideal varieties, but also the production of pollen and propolis ideal bee species, the advantage is strong and honey performance is much stronger than Chinese bees, the disadvantage is the ability to adapt to China's natural environment is far less than Chinese bees.

Second, living habits

• Sociality: Honeybee is a typical social insect. The whole colony consists of a queen bee, a small number of drones and a large number of workers.
• Nesting: Bees are typical nesting insects. In fact, bees can't do without beehive either to feed larvae or to reserve food, and beehive is built by workers with wax secreted by abdominal wax glands.
• social: bees are typical social insects, but except for drones, there is no contact between the bees and the bees, and the internal bees rely on the unique "group taste" to distinguish the similarities and differences, if the group taste is the same, they can freely walk in the hive, but if the group taste is different, they will be greatly.
• Food storage: Bees are typical food storage insects. When nectar source is abundant, worker bees will collect a large amount of pollen and nectar and store it in the honeycomb (honey is brewed by bees with nectar).

Three, beekeeping sites

• rich nectar source: the survival and reproduction of bees are inseparable from the support of nectar source, if the nearby lack of nectar source bees even their own survival is a problem, let alone hope to obtain honey and pollen through beekeeping, so the beekeeping site must choose rich and relatively continuous nectar source place.
• Suitable climate: although bees have a certain ability to regulate the climate, raising bees in places with suitable microclimate is more conducive to the development of bees. For example, when the temperature is not good, bees will increase their burden to regulate the temperature, so beekeeping sites must choose places with suitable microclimate.
• Quiet environment: only in a quiet environment can bees develop stably. In a noisy place, bees can't breed insects and collect flowers and make honey quietly.
• less enemy: bees have a lot of natural enemies in nature, such as wasps, spiders, frogs and so on will kill bees, especially to the greatest threat to bees, especially in summer and autumn season wasps tend to concentrate on the invasion of bees, so the beekeeping site must choose less enemy.

Four, beekeeping tools

• beehives : the role of beehives is to provide a place for the reproduction of bees, mainly divided into two categories of traditional beehives and live frame beehives, the traditional beehives are round beehives, lattice beehives and so on, and live box beehives are ten box beehives, Dadan beehives, twelve square box beehives and so on
• Nest base: the nest base is the base of artificial bee nest house, mainly including wax nest base and plastic nest base. At present, beekeepers mainly use wax nest base, and the size of eye of different bee species is not the same
• bee cap: bee cap is a protective tool for beekeepers to manage bee colonies. The main role is to prevent beekeepers from being stung by bees. At present, the most commonly used bee keeper is made of white nylon yarn
• other: the role of beekeeping tools is to improve the efficiency of beekeeping, such as honey rocker can quickly separate the honey from the nest spleen, and the bee sweep can clean the bees attached to the nest spleen, in addition to beekeeping tools and feeders, scraper, separate king plate, king cage, worm needle and so on

Five, management technology

• Feeding: Feeding is the key technology that beekeepers must master. Feeding can be divided into subsidy feeding and reward feeding.
• Dividing bees: Dividing bees is the main way to expand the number of bee population, which can be divided into natural dividing bees and human dividing bees. Among them, natural dividing bees refers to the colony dividing bees and then collecting and dividing bees, while human dividing bees is artificial dividing bees before the colony dividing bees naturally.
• Group merging: Group merging refers to merging two or more groups into one group. For example, if a colony is too weak and has no value of a single group, it can be merged into other colonies.
• Queen breeder: Queen bee is the core and most indispensable member of a bee colony. In fact, the development speed of a bee colony largely depends on the quality of queen bee. The purpose of queen breeder is to acquire a large number of high-quality queen bees.
• King intermediary: King intermediary refers to the re-intervention of a new queen bee for the colony. For example, queen bee loss should be timely intervention of a new queen bee to continue the colony, otherwise the colony may gradually perish without queen bee for a long time, and the replacement of the old and weak queen bee should also use king intermediary technology.
• disease prevention: bee disease prevention and control has always been the focus of bee breeding, once the outbreak of light diseases affect the normal development of bee colonies, serious even may lead to the death of a large number of bees, so it requires beekeepers to understand the symptoms of common bee diseases and insect pests and master the prevention and control methods.